Investing Guides
Free investing guides with plain-English explanations and live calculators.
Dollar-Cost Averaging: Why Boring Investing Beats Market Timing
Dollar-cost averaging eliminates the timing problem by investing a fixed amount on a fixed schedule. Here's the evidence that it works — and when it doesn't.
How Mutual Fund Fees Cost You $328,000 Over 30 Years
A 1% expense ratio vs 0.04% on $100k over 30 years is the difference between $760k and $432k. Here's how to calculate the true cost of fund fees.
How to Reverse-Engineer Any Savings Goal
Start with your target and deadline, work backwards to a monthly contribution. This framework works for any goal — emergency fund, vacation, car, or college.
How to Save $60,000 for a Down Payment in 3–5 Years
Saving $60k for a down payment is achievable in 3–5 years with the right monthly savings target and the right account for your timeline.
Roth vs Traditional IRA: The Tax Math That Actually Matters
Roth vs Traditional IRA isn't just about tax brackets — it's about when you pay. Here's the break-even analysis that determines which wins for you.
The $282,000 Reason to Start Investing 10 Years Earlier
Starting investing at 25 vs 35 can mean $282,000 more at retirement — even with identical contributions. Here's the math.
The 4% Rule: How Much Do You Really Need to Retire?
The 4% rule is the most widely cited retirement withdrawal guideline. Learn how it works, where it came from, and its limitations.
What Returns Should You Actually Expect From Your Investments?
The S&P 500 averages ~10% nominal but ~7% real. Here's how to set realistic return expectations and why asset allocation matters more than stock picking.
What Will $1 Million Be Worth in 2050? Less Than You Think.
At 3% annual inflation, $1 million today buys only $476,000 worth of goods in 25 years. Here's why investing — not saving — is the only answer.
Your FIRE Number: How Much Do You Need to Retire Early?
Your FIRE number is your annual expenses multiplied by 25. Here's how to calculate it, why it works, and how Lean vs Fat FIRE change the equation.